The concept of Completivity (Perfectivity) in Croatian verbal tenses: Perfect vs. Non-Perfect Tenses

The concept of completivity (perfectivity) is very significant in defining the verbal tenses in Croatian. Its introduction into the temporal system helps in defining the structure of the verbal system and also helps in better understanding of verbal paradigms individually and in relation with each other. Completivity and non-completivity, i. e. perfectivity and non- perfectivity can be defined with the help of two points of time in relation with each other: the event time and the reference time. If the event time is prior to the reference time, the action is perfect; on the other hand, if the reference time is at the same point with event time or sometimes prior to event time, the action is non-perfect. This concept is not new to the Croatian linguists, Musić, Katičić and others in their works have dealt with this problem

The concept of Completivity (Perfectivity) in Croatian verbal tenses: Perfect vs. Non-Perfect Tenses

The concept of completivity (perfectivity) is very significant in defining the verbal tenses in Croatian. Its introduction into the temporal system helps in defining the structure of the verbal system and also helps in better understanding of verbal paradigms individually and in relation with each other. Completivity and non-completivity, i. e. perfectivity and non- perfectivity can be defined with the help of two points of time in relation with each other: the event time and the reference time. If the event time is prior to the reference time, the action is perfect; on the other hand, if the reference time is at the same point with event time or sometimes prior to event time, the action is non-perfect. This concept is not new to the Croatian linguists, Musić, Katičić and others in their works have dealt with this problem

Visual outcomes and subjective experience after bilateral implantation of a new diffractive trifocal intraocular lens

Purpose - To assess clinical outcomes and subjective experience after bilateral implantation of a diffractive trifocal intraocular lens (IOL). Setting - Midland Eye Institute, Solihull, United Kingdom. Design - Cohort study. Methods - Patients had bilateral implantation of Finevision trifocal IOLs. Uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and manifest refraction were measured 2 months postoperatively. Defocus curves were assessed under photopic and mesopic conditions over a range of +1.50 to -4.00 diopters (D) in 0.50 D steps. Contrast sensitivity function was assessed under photopic conditions. Halometry was used to measure the angular size of monocular and binocular photopic scotomas arising from a glare source. Patient satisfaction with uncorrected near vision was assessed using the Near Activity Visual Questionnaire (NAVQ). Results - The mean monocular CDVA was 0.08 logMAR ± 0.08 (SD) and the mean binocular CDVA, 0.06 ± 0.08 logMAR. Defocus curve testing showed an extended range of clear vision from +1.00 to -2.50 D defocus, with a significant difference in acuity between photopic conditions and mesopic conditions at -1.50 D defocus only. Photopic contrast sensitivity was significantly better binocularly than monocularly at all spatial frequencies. Halometry showed a glare scotoma of a mean size similar to that in previous studies of multifocal and accommodating IOLs; there were no subjective complaints of dysphotopsia. The mean NAVQ Rasch score for satisfaction with near vision was 15.9 ± 10.7 logits. Conclusions - The trifocal IOL implanted binocularly produced good distance visual acuity and near and intermediate visual function. Patients were very satisfied with their uncorrected near vision

The Dominant Patterns of Intraseasonal Rainfall Variability in May–October and November–April over the Tropical Western Pacific

The space–time structure of intraseasonal (10–90 day) rainfall variability in the western tropical Pacific is studied using daily 3B42 TRMM and ERA-Interim reanalysis data for the period 1998–2014. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of 10–90-day filtered daily rainfall anomalies identifies two leading modes in both May–October and November–April; together these modes explain about 11%–12% of the total intraseasonal variance over the domain in both seasons and up to 60% over large areas of the western Pacific in both climatological periods. The two leading modes in May–October are linearly related to each other and both are well correlated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) indices. Although the two leading EOF modes in November–April are linearly independent of each other, both show statistically significant correlations with the MJO. The phase composites of 30–80-day filtered data show that the two leading modes are associated with strong eastward and northward propagation of rainfall anomalies in May–October, and eastward and southward propagation of rainfall anomalies in November–April. The eastward propagation of rainfall anomalies in both seasons and southeastward propagation related with EOF2 in November–April is linked to the development of low-level moisture flux convergence ahead of the active convection. Similarly, the northward propagation in May–October is also connected with low-level moisture flux convergence, but surface wind and evaporation variations are also important. The wind–evaporation–SST feedback mechanism drives the southeastward propagation of rainfall anomalies associated with EOF1 in November–April. The different mechanisms for southeastward propagation associated with two leading modes in November–April suggest dynamically different relations with the MJO.publishedVersio

Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Duloxetine Hydrochloride in its Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form

The objective of the present work was to develop a stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for duloxetine hydrochloride (DUL) in the presence of its degradation products generated from forced decomposition studies. The drug substance was found to be susceptible to stress conditions of acid hydrolysis. The drug was found to be stable to dry heat, photodegradation, oxidation and basic condition attempted. Successful separation of the drug from the degradation products formed under acidic stress conditions was achieved on a Hypersil C-18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm id, 5μm particle size) using acetonitrile: 0.01 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 5.4 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid) (50:50, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Quantification was achieved with photodiode array detection at 229 nm over the concentration range 1–25 μg/ml with range of recovery 99.8–101.3 % for DUL by the RP-HPLC method. Statistical analysis proved the method to be repeatable, specific, and accurate for estimation of DUL. It can be used as a stability-indicating method due to its effective separation of the drug from its degradation products

Correlation between prostate specific antigen and prostate volume with disease symptom severity assessed by international prostate symptom score

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is clinically defined as prostate adenoma, resulting in bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), which may eventually harm the bladder and even kidneys. For differential diagnosis of male LUTS, uroflowmetry can be used together with non-invasive ultrasound to ascertain the flow rate and IPP. PSA is also an important indicator for differential diagnosis. International prostate symptoms score (IPSS) is used to assess the severity of the symptoms for clinical BPH. There is also a recommendation to consider the quality of life (QoL) index, where a QoL score of ≥3 is considered as worrisome. Methods: This was a retro-prospective study based on secondary and primary data collection and analysis, pertaining to BPH patients who visited the study site previously as well as those who are coming for regular follow-up since 2019. Patient enrolment was done at a teaching hospital Shree Krishna Hospital affiliated to the Pramukh Swami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Karamsad. About 100 patients presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and histo-pathologically proven cases of BPH were enrolled to pursue research objectives. All patients were followed up to a period of 3-months after initiating the treatment and disease severity through IPSS and quality of life upon completion of treatment were also assessed. Results: PSA is also an important indicator for differential diagnosis, which is generally less than 1 μg/l in patients in absence of clinically confirmed BPH. In our study, mean prostate volume was reported to be 43.46±19.35 cc. A positive correlation was observed between prostate volume and serum PSA with disease severity. Conclusions: Our study evaluated the IPSS to predict the disease severity and correlated it with quality of life, prostate volume and serum PSA. Our findings were in line with currently available evidences, and suggested that QoL, prostate volume and serum PSA are better predictors of disease severity, IPSS

Influence of integrated nutrient management on physiological parameters of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

During the rabi season of 2021, a field experiment was conducted in the North Western plains of Uttarakhand at Crop Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun to examine the impact of integrated nutrient management (INM) on lentil growth, yield, and economics (Lens culinaris Medik.). The experiment was laid in Randomized Block Design with seven treatments i.e. T1 (Control, 100% RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizers), T2 (75 % NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium) + 25 % FYM (Farm Yard Manure), T3 (50 % NPK + 50 % FYM), T4 (75 % NPK + 25 % Azotobacter), T5 (50 % NPK + 50 % Azotobacter), T6 (75 % NPK + 25 % (Vermicompost + Azotobacter)) & T7 (50 % NPK+ 50 % (Vermicompost + Azotobacter)). The treatments T7 with the combination of 50 per cent NPK and 50 per cent vermicompost plus Azotobacter showed maximum LAI (Leaf Area Index) (0.25), NAR (Net Assimilation Rate) (0.0020), chlorophyll content (3.05), dry matter (4.44 g), and protein content (26.99 %) in contrast to other six treatments

Clinical outcomes after implantation of a new hydrophobic acrylic toric IOL during routine cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To assess the clinical outcomes after implantation of a new hydrophobic acrylic toric intraocular lens (IOL) to correct preexisting corneal astigmatism in patients having routine cataract surgery. SETTING: Four hospital eye clinics throughout Europe. DESIGN: Cohort study. METHODS: This study included eyes with at least 0.75 diopter (D) of preexisting corneal astigmatism having routine cataract surgery. Phacoemulsification was performed followed by insertion and alignment of a Tecnis toric IOL. Patients were examined 4 to 8 weeks postoperatively; uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity, manifest refraction, and keratometry were measured. Individual patient satisfaction with uncorrected vision and the surgeon’s assessment of ease of handling and performance of the IOL were also documented. The cylinder axis of the toric IOL was determined by dilated slitlamp examination. RESULTS: The study enrolled 67 eyes of 60 patients. Four to 8 weeks postoperatively, the mean UDVA was 0.15 logMAR G 0.17 (SD) and the UDVA was 20/40 or better in 88% of eyes. The mean refractive cylinder decreased significantly postoperatively, from -1.91 +/- 1.07 D to -0.67 +/- 0.54 D. No significant change in keratometric cylinder was observed. The mean absolute IOL misalignment from the intended axis was 3.4 degrees (range 0 to 12 degrees). The good UDVA resulted in high levels of patient satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Implantation of the new toric IOL was an effective, safe, and predictable method to manage corneal astigmatism in patients having routine cataract surgery

Factors affecting extreme rainfall events in the South Pacific

Extreme rainfall events in the South Pacific are widespread and affected by various factors on different time scales. We use daily rainfall data from 20 stations over the South Pacific to investigate the characteristics of extreme rainfall events from 1979 to 2018. For regional analysis, we group the stations into three clusters characterizing the western, the central, and the far eastern regions of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ). Extreme rainfall events contribute to roughly 20% of the seasonal mean rainfall in all three clusters. Among all four factors considered, tropical cyclones (TCs) cause the highest increase in the probability (ΔpwesternSPCZ~286%, ΔpcentralSPCZ~84%, ΔpfareasternSPCZ~189%) of extreme rainfall events. The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the second most important factor affecting the probability of extreme rainfall events, increasing it by 30–60% when the MJO is active over the western SPCZ in phases 5–6, over the central SPCZ in phases 6–7, and over the far eastern SPCZ in phases 8–1. The probability is reduced by the same order of magnitudes during the opposite dry phases of the MJO, i.e., phases 1–3 for the western and central SPCZ, and 3–6 for far the eastern SPCZ region. The probability of extreme rainfall events increases during La-Niña (El-Niño) conditions to the southwest (southeast) of the mean SPCZ by 27% (31%); however, the impact of the El-Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) along the SPCZ is not apparent. Dynamical analysis shows that the favorable conditions for generating extreme rainfall events are associated with northwesterly moisture transport and its convergence. The impact of TCs, MJO, and ENSO on rainfall extreme events can be partly understood considering this dynamical analysis. Extratropical Rossby waves can trigger tropical disturbances, but their impact on extreme rainfall events is generally less important than of the TCs, MJO, and ENSO.publishedVersio